• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    REVELATING ROLLER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS.A developer roller used to form a high quality electrophotographic image is provided in which, even in storage and use, under an environment of high temperature and high humidity, the peeling of a surface layer from an elastic layer is suppressed and a toner adheres firmly to the surface of the developer roller. The developer roller is a developer roller that includes a mandrel, an elastic layer provided in the mandrel and containing a cured material of an addition of curable type dimethyl silicone rubber and a surface layer containing a urethane resin that covers the circumferential surface of an elastic layer, wherein the urethane resin has a structure represented by the following formula (1) and one or both structures selected from a structure represented by the following formula (2) and a structure represented by the following formula (3) between two bonds adjacent urethane tubes. formula (1) formula (2) formula (3).
    公开号:BR112013014842A2
    申请号:R112013014842-0
    申请日:2011-12-16
    公开日:2020-11-03
    发明作者:Masaki Yamada；Takashi Kusaba；Kunimasa Kawamura；Yuji Sakurai；Toru Ishii
    申请人:Canon Kabushiki Kaisha；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    "REVELATING ROLLER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS" Technical Field The present invention relates to a developer roller used for an electrophotographic apparatus, a process cartridge having the developer roller and an electrophotographic apparatus.
    Basics of the technique In electrophotographic devices (such as copiers, fax machines and printers, using electrophotography), an electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter also referred to as a "photosensitive member") is charged by a charge unit and exposed by a laser or similarly, to form an electrostatic latent image in the photosensitive limb.
    Then, a toner in a development container is applied to the developer roller by a toner feed roller and a toner control member.
    By the toner transported by the developing roller to a region to be developed, an electrostatic latent image in the photosensitive element is developed in a contact portion between the photosensitive element and the developing roller or a portion in its vicinity.
    Subsequently, the toner in the photosensitive element is transferred to a registration paper by a transfer unit and fixed by means of heat and pressure.
    The rest of the toner on the photosensitive member is removed by a cleaning blade.
    Like the developer roller, an elastic roller having an electrical resistance of 103 to 1010 Ω.cm is usually used.
    In addition, in consideration of a demand for the high durability of the developer roller and the higher quality of the electrophotographic image, a developer roller provided with a surface layer on the surface of an elastic layer is used.
    Here, as the elastic layer of the developer roller, silicone rubbers having deformation capacity and flexibility are used appropriately.
    Like the surface layer, polyurethanes having high wear resistance and toner loading properties are used.
    PTL 1 discloses a method in which a poly (tetramethylene glycol) polyurethane surface layer comprising a specific composition is provided in an elastic layer of silicone rubber to suppress problems under various forms of temperature and humidity.
    PTL 2 discloses a polyether polyurethane surface layer composition that can suppress the melting of a low melting point toner.
    In addition, PTL 3 discloses a developer roller that uses a polyurethane surface layer having a low water absorption rate in order to maintain the loading properties under a high temperature and high humidity environment.
    Citation List
    PTL Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Open to the Public No. 2005-141192 PTL 2: Japanese Patent Application Open to the Public No. 2006-251342 PTL 3: Japanese Patent Application Open to the Public No. 7-199645 Summary of Invention Technical Problem Recently, in the electrophotographic apparatus, it was intended that the high quality of an image and the durability can be maintained under a more severe environment.
    While silicone rubbers have high physical properties as a constituent material for the elastic layer as described above, these are a material having a low polarity.
    For this reason, according to the examination by the present inventors, in the case where the developer rolls according to PTL 1 to PTL 3 including the elastic layer containing a silicone rubber are left for a long period of time under a high temperature environment and highly humid where the temperature is 40 ° C and a relative humidity is 95%, the surface layer has been peeled from the elastic silicone rubber layer in some cases.
    In addition, in the developer rollers according to PTL 1 to PTL 3, the toner adheres strongly to its surfaces and the non-uniformity in the concentration attributed to the adherent object of the toner is caused in the electrophotographic image in some cases.
    The present invention is directed to the supply of a developing roller used for the formation of a high quality electrophotographic image in which the peeling of a surface layer from an elastic layer is suppressed in storage and use under high temperature and a highly humid environment and a toner is difficult to adhere to the surface of the developer roller.
    In addition, the present invention is directed to the supply of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus which can stably produce a high quality electrophotographic image and a process cartridge used for the electrophotographic image forming apparatus.
    Problem Solving In order to achieve the objectives, the present inventors carried out extensive research.
    As a result, it was observed that a surface layer including a polyurethane resin having a specific structure had high adhesion to an elastic layer of silicone rubber and a toner is difficult to adhere to the surface of a surface layer.
    In this way, the present invention has been accomplished.
    That is, according to one aspect of the present invention, a developer roller including a mandrel, an elastic layer and a surface layer covering the surface of an elastic layer, the elastic layer containing a cured rubber material, is provided. of dimethyl silicone of the curable addition type, the surface layer contains a urethane resin and the urethane resin has, between two adjacent urethane bonds, a structure represented by the following formula (1) and at least one structure selected from the group that consists of a structure represented by the following formula (2) and a structure represented by the following formula (3): Formula 1 formula (1) Formula 2 formula (2) Formula 3 formula (3) In addition, according to another aspect of present invention, a process cartridge is provided which includes at least one developer roller mounted thereon and being detachably connected to an electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the developer roller mounted on the process cartridge This is the developer roll described above. In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, an electrophotographic apparatus including a developing roller and an electrophotographic photosensitive member disposed adjacent the developing roller is provided. Advantageous Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, a surface layer including a urethane resin having a specific structure unit is provided in an elastic layer containing a cured material of a curable type dimethyl silicone rubber. In this way, a developer roller used for the formation of a high quality electrophotographic image can be obtained in which both the peeling of a surface layer and the adhesion of the toner can be suppressed at a high level even in the case of long-term storage. under a high temperature and high humidity environment. In addition, according to the present invention, a process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus can be obtained which can stably form an electrophotographic image with high quality.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a conceptual drawing illustrating an example of a developer roller according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram that illustrates an example of a process cartridge according to the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram that illustrates an example of an electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention. Fig. 4 is a conceptual drawing that illustrates an example of an immersion coated liquid circulation. Fig. 5 is a drawing illustrating a characteristic structure that a urethane resin according to the present invention had. Fig. 6 is a drawing illustrating a characteristic structure that a urethane resin according to the present invention had.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the developer roller 1 according to the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 1. In the developer roller 1 shown in Fig. 1, an elastic layer 3 is formed on an outer peripheral surface of a mandrel. hollow cylindrical or cylindrical conductor 2. The outer peripheral surface of an elastic layer 3 is covered with a surface layer 4. <Mandril> Chuck 2 acts as an electrode and a support member for the developer roller 1. Chuck 2 is formed with a metal or alloy, such as aluminum, copper alloys and stainless steel; chrome or iron coated with nickel or an electrically conductive material, such as synthetic resins having electrical conductivity. <Elastic layer> Elastic layer 3 gives the elasticity of the developing roller necessary to form a part having a predetermined width in an adjacent portion between the developing roller and the photosensitive member. The elastic layer 3 contains a cured material of an addition of dimethyl silicone rubber of the curable type which gives the ability to recover from high deformation of the deformation and flexibility for the elastic layer. In order to strengthen the adhesion between the surface layer and the elastic layer by hydrophobic interaction, it is thought that the amount of water molecules exists in the vicinity of the adherent interface is less. In silicone rubber, the rubber component alone has low polarity and low water absorption properties. For this reason, depending on the type of filler that is contained, the water absorption rate of an elastic layer can be reduced to an extremely low level. In this way, a high adhesion effect between the elastic layer and the surface layer containing a urethane resin by hydrophobic interaction, which will be described later, can still be improved. Specifically, the elastic layer 3 has a water absorption rate of, preferably, not more than 0.10% and more preferably not less than 0.02% and not more than 0.10% according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K7209 Method A.
    Examples of the addition curable type dimethyl silicone rubber include: polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylvinylsiloxane, polyphenylvinylsiloxane, polymethoxymethylsiloxane, polyethoxymethylsiloxane and copolymers of these polysiloxanes.
    The elastic layer 3 may contain fine conductive particles.
    As fine conductive particles, carbon black or conductive metals, such as aluminum and copper and fine particles of conductive metal oxides, such as zinc oxide, tin oxide and titanium oxide can be used.
    It is particularly preferred, carbon black because of its high electrical conductivity can be obtained by a relatively small amount of carbon black to be added.
    In order to decrease the water absorption rate of an elastic layer 3, it is preferred to use those having particularly low affinity between the fine conductive particles.
    For example, in the case where carbon black is used as the conductive particles, preferably carbon black having a relatively large primary particle size and the non-polarized surface is selected.
    Specifically, in consideration of the reinforcement capacity and electrical conductivity of rubber, the carbon black suitably used is that having the primary particle size in the range of not less than 30 nm and not more than 60 nm and having the surface neutralized or hydrophobized, that is, the pH value of not less than 5.0 and not more than 8.0 as the surface properties.
    In the case where the carbon black as above is used as the fine conductive particles, its content as the instructions are from 5 to 20 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the silicone rubber in the elastic layer.
    In the case where other conductive fine particles other than carbon black are used, the amount of fine particles to be added is preferably adjusted according to the moisture absorbing properties of the fine particles, such that the water absorption rate of a layer elastic is between the above range.
    The elastic layer 3 may suitably contain a variety of additives, such as a non-conductive filler, a cross-linking agent and a catalyst other than fine conductive particles. <Surface layer> The urethane resin contained in surface layer 4 has a structure represented by the following formula (1) and one or both structures selected from the group consisting of a structure represented by the following formula (2) and a structure represented by the following formula (3) between the adjacent urethane connections.
    That is, the urethane resin according to the present invention has a structure in the molecule in which the structure represented by the following formula (1) in one or both structures selected from the group consisting of the structure represented by the following formula (2) and the structure represented by the following formula (3) are interposed between two urethane bonds.
    Formula 4 formula (1) Formula 5 formula (2) Formula 6 formula (3) Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate part of a characteristic structure that the urethane resin according to the present invention had.
    In Fig. 5, the structure represented by formula (1) and the structure represented by formula (2) are interposed between the adjacent urethane bonds A1 and A2. In the urethane resin illustrated in Fig. 6, the structure represented by formula (I) and the structure represented by formula (2) are interposed between the adjacent urethane bonds B1 and B2 and between the adjacent urethane bonds C1 and C2. Usually, the adhesiveness of synthetic resins depends mainly on the interaction of a functional group of polarity, such as a hydrogen bond and acid-based interaction, in addition to the chemical bond.
    However, silicone rubber has extremely low polarity and its surface is inactive.
    For this reason, usually, the strong interaction by a polarity functional group cannot be expected in the adhesiveness between the elastic layer containing a silicone rubber and the surface layer containing a polyurethane resin.
    The elastic layer and the surface layer according to the present invention, however, demonstrate high adhesiveness even in the case where they are left for a long period of time under a severe high temperature and highly humid environment.
    Although the detailed reason is being examined, the present inventors assume that they follow.
    That is, the urethane resin having the structure represented by formula (1) and at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the structure represented by formula (2) and the structure represented by formula (3) that exists between the urethane bonds Adjacent polyurethane has an extremely lower polarity than that in conventional polyurethane polyether because of a methyl group being introduced into the secondary chain.
    Otherwise, it is known that the cured material of the add-curable dimethyl type silicone rubber has a "spiral" molecular structure in which its siloxane (Si-O) bonds rotate once and a methyl group is externally oriented.
    That is, the surface of the polymer chain of the silicone rubber is substantially recovered with a hydrophobic methyl group.
    For this reason, an attraction that acts between hydrophobic molecules acts between the methyl group on a silicone rubber surface in an elastic layer according to the present invention and the methyl group as the secondary chain, which is introduced between the two bonds adjacent urethane in a one-layer surface urethane resin.
    As a result, it is though that the surface layer and the elastic layer according to the present invention demonstrates high adhesiveness.
    In addition, the polyurethane according to the present invention contains a polyether component represented by formula (1) and has high flexibility.
    Because of the polyurethane according to the present invention, it contains one or both of the structures selected from the group consisting of the structure represented by formula (2) and the structure represented by formula (3), crystallinity in the low temperature range is remarkably reduced.
    For this reason, the developer roll including a surface layer containing the polyurethane according to the present invention is flexible even under a low temperature environment and the hardness of the developer roll is difficult to increase.
    Consequently, even under a low temperature environment, the tension given to the toner is less and film formation rarely occurs.
    In addition, the polyurethane according to the present invention has the structure represented by formula (2) or (3) having greater hydrophobicity than in the structure represented by formula (I) within the molecule.
    For this reason, the affinity of the urethane resin alone for water is reduced in the relatively lower water absorption properties as a urethane resin can be obtained.
    Also, in the high temperature range, mobility of the molecules in the high temperature range is suppressed by the presence of the methyl group as the secondary chain in the structure represented by formula (2) or (3). For this reason, the viscosity of a developer roller surface according to the present invention is difficult to increase even under high temperature and highly humid environment and toner adhesion to the developer roller surface under high temperature and highly humid environment can be increased. effectively suppressed.
    As a urethane resin according to the present invention, preferred are obtained by randomly copolymerizing the structure represented by formula (1) with at least one selected from the group consisting of the structures represented by formula (2) and formula (3). This is because of the effect of reducing crystallinity in the low temperature range and the effect of suppressing the mobility of molecules in the high temperature range are greater.
    In polyurethane, "molar ratio of the structure represented by formula (1)": "molar ratio of at least one structure selected from the structures represented by formulas (2) and (3)" is preferably 80:20 to 50:50. If the molar ratios of the structures represented by the respective formulas are in the range, adhering to the properties of the toner on a surface and the peeling of a surface layer are more effectively suppressed.
    In addition, flexibility in the low temperature range is high and durability is also high.
    Preferably, the polyurethane contained in a surface layer is obtained by thermally curing a polyether diol having the structure represented by formula (1) and at least one structure selected from the structures represented by formulas (2) and (3) or a prepolymer terminated from the hydroxyl group prepared by the reaction of the polyether diol with aromatic diisocyanate and a terminated prepolymer from the isocyanate group prepared by the reaction of the polyether dial with aromatic isocyanate.
    Usually, the following method is used for polyurethane synthesis: (1) a single firing method in which a polyol component is mixed with and reacted with a polyisocyanate component and (2) a method in a finished prepolymer of the group of isocyanate obtained by reacting the polyol part with isocyanate is reacted with a chain extender such as low molecular weight diol and low molecular weight triol.
    However, the polyether diol having the structure represented by formula (1) and at least one structure selected from the structures represented by formulas (2) and (3) is a material having low polarity.
    For this reason, the polyether diol is less compatible with isocyanate having high polarity and the phases are easily separated into a portion having a high polyol ratio and a portion having a high isocyanate ratio in the microscopically system.
    In the portion having the high polyol ratio, the unreacted component is also to remain and exudation of the remaining unreacted polyol can cause the toner to stick to the surface of the developer roller.
    In order to reduce the remaining unreacted polyol, isocyanate having high polarity needed to be overused.
    As a result, the water absorption rate of polyurethane is often higher.
    In the above methods, isocyanates are often reacted with each other in a larger percentage, leading to the production of urea bonds and allophanate bonds having high polarity.
    The polyether diol having the structure represented by formula (1) and at least one structure selected from the structures represented by formulas (2) and (3) or the finished prepolymer of the hydroxyl group prepared by the reaction of the polyether diol with aromatic diisocyanate and the finished prepolymer of the isocyanate group prepared by the reaction of the polyether diol with aromatic isocyanate are thermally cured.
    Therefore, the difference in polarity between polyol and isocyanate can be reduced.
    For this reason, the compatibility of polyol with isocyanate is improved and a polyurethane having the lower polarity can be obtained in a lower isocyanate ratio than in the conventional examples.
    In addition, because the remaining unreacted polyol can be significantly reduced, the adhesion of toner to the surface of the developer roller due to exudation of the unreacted polyol can be suppressed.
    In the case of use of the finished hydroxyl group prepolymer prepared by the reaction of the polyether dial including the structure represented by formula (1) and the structure represented by formula (2) or (3) with aromatic diisocyanate, the number of the average molecular weight of the prepolymer is preferably not less than 10,000 and not more than 15000. In the case of using the finished prepolymer of the isocyanate group, the isocyanate content in the prepolymer is preferably in the range of 3.0% in mass by 4.0% by mass.
    If the molecular weight of the terminated prepolymer of the hydroxyl group and the isocyanate content in the terminated prepolymer of the isocyanate group are in the ranges, the reduction in the water absorption rate of polyurethane to be produced and the suppression of the unreacted component remnants are well balanced and the effect of suppressing toner adhesion and peeling of a surface layer can be compatible at a higher level.
    More preferably, the polyurethane according to the present invention is obtained by thermally curing (a) the terminated prepolymer of the hydroxyl group described below and (b) the terminated prepolymer of the isocyanate group described below. (a) terminated prepolymer of the hydroxyl group prepared by the polyether diol reaction having the structure represented by formula (1) and at least one structure selected from the structures represented by formulas (2) and (3) and the weight number average molecular weight less than 2000 and no more than 3000 with aromatic diisocyanate and having an average molecular weight number less than 10,000 and no more than 15,000 (b) finished prepolymer from the isocyanate group prepared by the polyether diol reaction having the structure represented by formula (I) and at least one structure selected from the structures represented by formulas (2) and (3) and the number of average molecular weight less than 2000 and not more than 3000 with aromatic isocyanate Se polyether diol having an average molecular weight number less than 2000 and no more than 3000 is used as a crude material for the terminated prepolymer of the hydroxyl group and the terminated prepolymer of the isocyanate group, the tax the water absorption of the polyurethane to be finally obtained can be reduced and the remaining unreacted component can be suppressed.
    Also, because the strength and viscosity of a surface layer is high, the durability can also be improved.
    Between the two urethane bonds, when necessary, polypropylene glycol and aliphatic polyester can be contained other than the structure represented by formula (1) and at least one structure selected from the structures represented by formulas (2) and (3) in an extent that the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
    Examples of aliphatic polyester include aliphatic polyesters polyols obtained by condensing the reaction of a diol component such as 1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol or a triol component such as trimethylolpropane with a dicarboxylic acid such as like adipic acid, glutaric acid and sebacic acid.
    These polyol components can be a prepolymer in which the chain is extended in advance by isocyanate such as 2,4-tolylenediisocyanate (TDI), 1,4-diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), when necessary.
    Preferably, the content of the component having a structure other than the structure represented by formula (1) and at least one structure selected from the structures represented by formulas (2) and (3) is not more than 20% by mass in the polyurethane from the point of view of demonstrating the effect of the present invention.
    The isocyanate compound to be reacted with these polyol components is not particularly limited.
    Aliphatic polyisocyanates such as ethylene diisocyanate and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI); alicyclic polyisocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate (TPDI), cyclohexane-1,3-diisocyanate and cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate; aromatic isocyanate such as 2,4-tolylenediisocyanate, 2,6-tolylenediisocyanate (TDT), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate and naphthalene diisocyanate; and copolymerized products, isocyanurates, TMP adducts and biurets thereof and block copolymers can be used.
    Among these, aromatic isocyanates such as tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate and diphenylmethane polymeric diisocyanate are most suitably used.
    The polyurethane obtained by the reaction of aromatic isocyanate with the polyether component having the structure represented by formula (1) and at least one structure selected from the structures represented by formulas (2) and (3) between the urethane bonds is preferred by sake of polyurethane has high greed and strength and low viscosity under high temperature and high humidity.
    As the ratio of the isocyanate compound to be mixed with the polyol component, the ratio of the isocyanate group is preferably in the range of 1.2 to 4.0 based on 1.0 of the hydroxyl group in polyol.
    Preferably, the surface layer 4 has electrical conductivity.
    Examples of an electrical conductivity communication unit include the addition of a conductive agent and conductive fine particles.
    Conductive fine particles that are expensive and have less fluctuation due to resistance in an environment are used appropriately.
    From the point of view of the electrical conductivity's communication capacity and reinforcement capacity, carbon black is particularly preferred.
    As the properties of fine conductive particles, the primary particle size is not less than 18 nm and no more than 50 nm and the DBP absorption number is not less than 50 ml / 100 g and no more than 160 ml / 100 g.
    The use of such a carbon black is preferred and the balance between electrical conductivity, hardness and dispersibility is good.
    The content of the conductive fine particles is preferably not less than 10% by weight and not more than 30% by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a resin component that forms a surface layer.
    In the case where the developer roller requires surface roughness, fine particles for controlling surface roughness can be added in a surface layer 4. The fine particles for controlling surface roughness preferably have a volume particle size from 3 to 20 µm.
    Preferably, the amount of the particle to be added to a surface layer is 1 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the content of the resin solid in a surface layer.
    As fine particles for controlling surface roughness, fine particles such as polyurethane resins, polyester resins, polyether resins, polyamide resins, acrylic resins and phenol resins can be used.
    The method for forming the surface layer 4 is not particularly limited and examples of these include spraying, dipping or roller coating using a coating material.
    In immersion coating, a method as described in Japanese Open Patent Application No. S57-005047, in which a coating material is flooded from the top end of an immersion bath, is simple and has excellent production stability as a method for forming the surface layer.
    Fig. 4 is a schematic overview of an immersion coating.
    A cylindrical immersion bath 25 has an internal diameter slightly greater than the external diameter of the developer roller and a depth greater than the length in the direction of the developer roller axis.
    A portion that receives the annular liquid is provided on an outer periphery of the upper end of the immersion bath 25 and connected to a stirring tank 27. The bottom of the immersion bath 25 is connected to the stirring tank 27. A coating material in the agitation tank 27 it is fed by a liquid feed pump 26 to the bottom of the immersion bath 25. The coating material is flooded from the top of the immersion bath and returned to the agitation tank 27 by means of a portion which receives liquid on the outer periphery of the upper end of the immersion bath 25. The mandrel 2 supplied with an elastic layer 3 is vertically fixed in a lifting and reducing apparatus 28, subjected to immersion in the immersion bath 25 and raised to form a layer of surface 4. The developer roller according to the present invention can be used for non-contact development apparatus and contact development apparatus using a magnetic single component developer and non-magnetic single component developer and development apparatus using a two component developer.
    Fig. 2 is a sectional summary of a process cartridge according to the present invention.
    The process cartridge illustrated in Fig. 2 includes the developing roller 1, a development slide 21, a development apparatus 22, an electrophotographic photosensitive member 18, a cleaning slide 26, a container that accommodates the residual toner 25 and a charge roller 24, which are integrated into one and detachably attached to the main body of an electrophotographic image-forming apparatus.
    The development apparatus 22 includes a toner container 20. The toner container 20 is filled with toner 20a.
    The toner 20a in the toner container 20 is fed by the toner feed roller 19 to the surface of the developer roller 1 and a toner layer 20a having a predetermined thickness is formed on a surface of the developer roller 1 by the development blade 21 Fig. 3 is a sectional overview of an electrophotographic apparatus using the developer roller according to the present invention.
    The development apparatus 22 including the developer roller 1, on the feed roller 19, the toner container 20 and the development blade 21 is detachably connected to the electrophotographic apparatus in Fig. 3. In addition, the process cartridge 17 including a photosensitive member 18, the cleaning blade 26, the container that holds the residual toner 25 and the loading roller 24 is detachable.
    Alternatively, the photosensitive member 18, the cleaning blade 26, the container that holds the residual toner 25 and the charge roller 24 can be provided in the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus.
    The photosensitive member 18 rotates in the direction of the arrow and is uniformly charged by the loading roller 24 by the charge of the photosensitive member 18. An electrostatic latent image is formed on a surface of the photosensitive member 18 by laser light 23 from an exposure unit to write an electrostatic imaging on the photosensitive member 18. Toner 20a is supplied to the electrostatic imaging by the development apparatus 22 arranged in contact with the photosensitive member 18 to develop the electrostatic imaging.
    Therefore, the electrostatic latent is viewed as a toner image.
    The so-called reverse development in which the toner image is formed in an exposed portion is carried out.
    The toner image displayed on the photosensitive member 18 is transferred on paper 34 as a medium and registered by a transfer roller 29 as a transfer member.
    The paper 34 is passed through a paper feed roller 35 and an absorption roller 36, it feeds into the apparatus and transports between the photosensitive member 18 and the transfer roller 29 by a transfer belt in the form of a belt without end 32. The transfer belt 32 is driven by a following roller 33, a driving roller 28 and a tension roller 31. A voltage is applied to the transfer roller 29 and the absorption roller 36 from a deviation in the power supply 30. The paper 34 having the toner image transferred is fixed by a fixture 27 and discharged outside the machine to complete the printing operation.
    Otherwise, the transfer that remains in the toner that is not transferred and remains in the photosensitive member 18 is scraped by the cleaning blade 26 as a cleaning member for cleaning a surface of the photosensitive member and accommodates in the residual toner that accommodates in container 25. The clean photosensitive member 18 repeatedly performs the above action.
    Development apparatus 22 includes the toner container 20 that accommodates toner 20a as the developer component and developer roller 1 as a developer carrier located in an opening extended in the longitudinal direction within the toner container 20 and supplied opposing the photosensitive member 18. The development apparatus 22 develops the electrostatic imaging on the photosensitive member 18 to view the electrostatic imaging.
    Examples In the following, specific examples and comparative examples according to the present invention will be described. (Preparation of madril 2) Mandrel 2 was prepared by applying an initiator (trade name, DY35-051; made by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd.) on a core metal made of SUS304 and having a diameter of 6 mm and cooking the starter. (Elastic roll production) (Elastic roll C-1) Mandrel 2 prepared above was disposed in a metal mold and an addition silicone rubber composition prepared by the mixing materials shown in Table 1 below was injected into a cavity formed inside of the metallic mold.
    Table 1 Silicone rubber material (brand, SE6724A / B: made 100 parts in by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd.) Carbon black grease (brand, TOKABLACK # 4300: made by 15 parts in bulk Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd .) Silica powder as an agent that provides heat resistance 0.2 parts by mass
    Platinum catalyst 0.1 parts by mass
    Subsequently, the metal mold was heated and the silicone rubber was vulcanized at a temperature of 150 ° C for 15 minutes to be cured.
    The mandrel having a cured silicone rubber layer formed on its circumferential surface was removed from the metal mold.
    Then, the core metal was further heated to a temperature of 180 ° C for 1 hour to complete the curing reaction of the silicone rubber layer.
    In this way, the elastic roller C-1 was produced in which the elastic layer of silicone rubber having a diameter of 12 mm was formed on the outer periphery of mandrel 2. (Elastic roller C-2) The elastic roller C-2 was produced in the same way as on the C-1 elastic roll except that carbon black was 10 parts by mass of TOKABLACK # 4400 (trade name, made by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd.). (C-3 elastic roll) The C-3 elastic roll was produced in the same way as the C-1 elastic roll except that the amount of carbon black was 5 parts by weight. (Elastic roll C-4) Elastic roll C-4 was produced in the same way as in Elastic roll C-1 except that the amount of carbon black was 10 parts by mass and the agent that communicates heat resistance was silica powder hydrolyzed and the amount of it to be added was 5 parts by weight. (Elastic roll C-5) Elastic roll C-5 was produced in the same way as in Elastic roll C-2 except that the amount of carbon black was 12 parts by weight. (Elastic roll C-6) Elastic roll C-6 was produced in the same way as in Elastic roll C-1 except that the types and amounts of carbon black and silica powder were changed as shown in Table 2 below.
    Table 2 Carbon black (trade name, TOKABLACK # 4400: made by 7 parts in Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd.)
    Hydrophobized silica powder as an agent that provides resistance to 5 parts heat by mass
    (C-7 elastic roll) The material that formed the elastic layer was replaced by the material shown in Table 3 below.
    Except, the C-7 elastic roll was produced in the same way as in the
    Elastic roll C-1. Table 3 Dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethylpolysiloxane (weight 100.0 parts by weighted average molecular weight of 100000)
    Methylmethoxysiloxane copolymer - 5.0 parts by weight Dimethylsiloxane terminated by Dimethylvinylsiloxy (weighted average molecular weight of 8000, [dimethylsiloxane] / [methylmethoxysiloxane] = 50) Methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer - 4.4 parts by weight of dimethylsiloxane which was terminated by trimethylsiloxane in terms of trimethylsiloxane quantity the number of (weighted average molecular weight of 1000) mol of the SiH group / number of mol of vinyl group = 2.0)
    Carbon black (trade name, 15 parts by mass TOKABLACK # 4300: made by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd.) Platinum catalyst (1% Pt concentration) 0.1 parts by mass
    (Preparation of surface layer 4) In the following, an example of synthesis to obtain the polyurethane surface layer according to the present invention will be described. <Measurement of copolymer molecular weight> The apparatus and the composition for measuring the numerical average molecular weight (Mn) and the weighted average molecular weight (Mw) in the present example are as follows: Measuring device: HLC-8120GPC (made by Tosoh Corporation) Column: TSKgel SuperHZMM (made by Tosoh Corporation) x 2 Solvent: THF (20 mmol / L triethylamine was added) Temperature: 40 ° C THF flow rate: 0.6 ml / minute A sample to be measured was 0.1 by mass of THF solution.
    In addition, using an IR (refractive index) detector as a detector, the measurement was performed.
    Using TSK A-1000, A-2500, A-5000, F-1, F-2, F-4, F-10, F-20, F-40, F-80 and F-128 polystyrenes (made by Tosoh Corporation) as a reference sample for creating a calibration curve, the calibration curve was created.
    From the retention time of the sample to be measured, which was obtained from the calibration curve, the weighted average molecular weight was determined. (Synthesis of Polyether Diols A-1 to A-6) A mixture of 144.2 g (2 mol) of tetrahydrofuran sex and 172.2 g (2 mol) of dry 3-methyltetrahydrofuran (50/50 mixture ratio) was kept at a temperature of 10 ° C in a reaction vessel. 13.1 g of 70% perchloric acid and 120 g of acetic anhydride were added to carry out the reaction for 3 hours.
    Then, the reaction mixture was poured into 600 g of a 20% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and refined.
    In addition, the remaining water and the solvent component were removed under reduced pressure to obtain 224 g of Polyether Diol A-1. The numerical average molecular weight of 1000. Polyether Diols A-2 to A-6 were obtained from the same condition except that the mixing ratio of dry tetrahydrofuran and dry 3-methyltetrahydrofuran and the reaction time was changed as shown in Table 4 below.
    Table 4 Polyether diol No. Molar mixing ratio Mn Reaction time (dry tetrahydrofuran: 3- (h) dry methyltetrahydrofuran) A-1 50:50 1000 1.5 A-2 50:50 2000 2.5 A-3 50 : 50 3000 4.0 A-4 50:50 4000 6.0 A-5 90:10 2000 2.5 A-6 80:20 2000 2.5
    (Synthesis of Urethane Prepolymer Terminated by the Hydroxyl Group A-7) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, in the reaction vessel, 200.0 g of Polyether Diol A-1 was gradually dripped into 28.4 parts by weight of MDI ( trade name: COSMONATE MDI, made by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) while the temperature inside the reaction vessel was maintained at 65 ° C.
    After the drip was completed, the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 75 ° C for 3 hours.
    The reaction product obtained was cooled to room temperature (25 ° C) to obtain 226 g of Urethane Pre-Polymer Terminated by Hydroxyl Group A-7. The numerical average molecular weight was 15000. (Synthesis of urethane prepolymers terminated by hydroxyl group A-8 and A-9) Urethane prepolymers terminated by hydroxyl group A-8 and A-9 were obtained from the same condition except that the polyether diol and the reaction time used for the reaction were changed as shown in Table 5 below.
    The numerical average molecular weights of Prepolymers A-8 and A-9 as shown in Table 5. Table 5
    Prepolymer of Polyether Diisocyanate whose Mn after the Time of urethane diol No. chain is extended prepolymerization reaction (h) terminated by hydroxyl group No. A-7 A-1 MDI 15000 3.0 A-8 A-2 MDI 10000 2.0 A-9 A-6 MDI 15000 3.0
    (Synthesis of prepolymer terminated by isocyanate group B-1) Under a hydrogen atmosphere, in the reaction vessel, 200.0 g of polypropylene glycol polyol (trade name: EXCENOL 1030; made by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. ) was gradually dripped into 69.6 parts by mass of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) (trade name: COSMONATE 80; made by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) while the temperature inside the reaction vessel was maintained at 65 ° C.
    After the drip was completed, the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 65 ° C for 2 hours.
    The obtained reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain 244 g of urethane prepolymer terminated by isocyanate group B-1 having the content of the isocyanate group of 4.8%. (Prepolymer synthesis finished isocyanate group B-2) Under a hydrogen atmosphere, in the reaction vessel, 200.0 g of polypropylene glycol polyol (trade name: EXCENOL 1030, made by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was gradually dripped in 76.7 parts by mass of a polymeric MDI (trade name: Millionate MT, made by Nippon Poliuretano Industry Co., Ltd.) while the temperature inside the reaction vessel was maintained at 65 ° C.
    After the drip was completed, the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 65 ° C for 2 hours.
    The reaction mixture obtained was cooled to room temperature to obtain 229 g of urethane prepolymer terminated by isocyanate group B-2 having the content of the isocyanate group of 4.7%. (Synthesis of prepolymers terminated by isocyanate group B-3 and B-4) Urethane prepolymers terminated by isocyanate group B-3 and B-4 were obtained in the same manner as in the terminated prepolymer B-2 isocyanate group except that the polyether diol was Polyether Diols A-6 and A-3 in Table 4. (Synthesis of prepolymer terminated by isocyanate group B-5) Under a hydrogen atmosphere, in the reaction vessel, 200.0 g of Polyether Diol A-6 in Table 4 it was gradually dripped into 46.4 parts by mass of CORONATE 2030 (trade name, made by Nippon Poliuretano Industry Co., Ltd.) while the temperature inside the reaction vessel was maintained at 65 ° C.
    After the drip was completed, the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 65 ° C for 2 hours.
    The obtained reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain 229 g of urethane prepolymer terminated by isocyanate group B-5 having an isocyanate group content of 3.4%. The type of polyether diol and isocyanate used for the Synthesis of Prepolymers terminated by isocyanate group B-1 to B-5 and NCO% of the respective isocyanates are shown in Table 6. Table 6 Finished prepolymer Isocyanate type in polyether diol isocyanate group type NCO%
    No.
    B-1 Polypropylene TDI 4.8 glycol B-2 Polypropylene polymeric MDI 4.7 glycol B-3 A-6 polymeric MDI 4.0 B-4 A-3 polymeric MDI 3.8 B-5 A-6 TDI 3, 4
    (Example 1) In the following, a method for producing a developer roll according to the present invention will be described.
    Like the crude material for surface layer 4, the material shown in Table 7 below was added to the reaction vessel and stirred and mixed.
    Table 7 Crude material Parts by mass Urethane prepolymer terminated by hydroxyl group A-9 100.0
    B-4 6.7 isocyanate group finished prepolymer
    Carbon black (trade name: MA230, made by 21.2 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation)
    Next, methyl ethyl ketone (hereinafter MEK) was added such that the ratio of the total solid content was 30% by weight and the crude material was mixed by a sand mill.
    In addition, viscosity was adjusted from 10 to 13 cps by MEK for the preparation of a coating material to form a surface layer.
    The elastic roll C-2 produced above was immersed in the coating material to form a surface layer to form the coating of the coating material on the surface of an elastic layer of C-2 elastic roll and the coating was dried.
    In addition, the coating was heat treated at a temperature of 150 ° C for 1 hour to form a surface layer having a film thickness of approximately 20 µm on the outer periphery of an elastic layer.
    In this way, the development roller according to Example 1 was produced.
    The surface layer according to the present invention has the structure represented by formula (1) and one or both structures selected from the structure represented by formula (2) and the structure represented by formula (3). This can be verified by an analysis using GC / MS, FT-IR or NMR pyrolysis, for example.
    The surface layer obtained in the present Example was analyzed using a pyrolysis apparatus (trade name: Pyrofoil Sampler JPS-700, made by Japan Analytical Industry Co., Ltd.) and a GC / MS apparatus (trade name: Focus GC / ISQ, made by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) where the pyrolysis temperature was 590 ° C and helium was used as a carrier gas.
    As a result, it was observed from the fragment peak obtained that the surface layer has the structure represented by formula (1) and one or both structures of the structure represented by formula (2) and the structure represented by formula (3) . The developer roller obtained in this manner according to Example 1 was evaluated around the following items. <Evaluation of the peeling of the surface layer and measurement of the peeling force> The evaluation of the peeling of a surface layer under a severe high temperature environment was carried out by the following method.
    The developer roller according to Example 1 was left under an environment of a temperature of 40 ° C and a relative humidity of 95% RH for 60 days.
    Subsequently, the developer roller was left for 3 hours at room temperature and a 10 mm x 50 mm cut was formed between both ends of the developer roller.
    The developer roller was horizontally attached and the surface layer was pulled vertically from a corner of the cut at a rate of 10 mm / minute to be effectively peeled.
    The load in this period was measured by a load cell.
    Each end of the developer roller was measured three times and the mean value of n = 6 was defined as peeling force.
    Then, the peeled surface was observed.
    Excluding a broken portion within the elastic layer or a surface layer (cohesive failure), the peeling of a layer was evaluated on the following criteria: A: no peeling is observed at the interface between the surface layer and the elastic layer, B: peeling of the interface between the surface layer and the elastic layer is observed in the range of no more than 20% on the peeled surface, but the developer roller can be used without any problem and C: peeling of the interface between the surface layer and the elastic layer is observed on most of the total peeled surface. <Measurement of surface hardness>
    The surface hardness of the developer roller was measured as follows: three points of a central surface portion and a lower portion of the developer roller after the conductive resin layer was formed were measured under a temperature of 25 ° C and humidity relative 50% RH by a rubber micro durometer (trade name: MD-1capa, made by Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.) using a probe having a diameter of 0.16 mm.
    The average value of the measured values was used as the surface hardness <Evaluation of film formation> The developer roller according to the present Example was mounted on a laser printer having a configuration as in Fig. 3 (trade name: LBP5300; Canon Inc.) to perform film evaluation.
    That is, under an environment of a temperature of 15 ° C and a relative humidity of 10% RH (hereinafter L / L), using a black toner, an electrophotographic image of a 4-point letter "E" "of the alphabet at a coverage rate of 1% was continuously printed on A4 size paper. Each time when 1000 sheets were printed, the surface of the developer roll was visually observed.
    The number of the image to be printed when the black toner adhered to the surface of the developer roller was observed to be defined as the number of blades when the film formation occurred. <Measurement of adherent toner concentration> The concentration of adherent toner under a high temperature and in a highly humid environment was assessed by the following method.
    The developer roller according to Example 1 was mounted on a yellow toner cartridge for the laser printer having a configuration as in Fig. 3 (trade name: LBP5300; made by Canon Inc.). the yellow toner cartridge has been fitted to the laser printer.
    Using the laser printer, an operation to produce a solid white image was performed to coat the surface of the developer roller with yellow toner.
    The developer roller in such a state was extracted from the yellow toner cartridge.
    The developer roller was placed on a flat polytetrafluoroethylene plate, compressed against the flat plate in a 300 gf load (a 150 gf load at each end of the mandrel) and left under a temperature of 40 ° C and a relative humidity of 95% RH for 60 days.
    Then, the developer roller was released from the state where the developer roller was compressed against the flat plate and left under an environment of a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 45% for 3 hours as it was.
    Subsequently, the surface of the developer roller was blown with air. then, the toner adhesion on the developer roller was peeled off using an adhesive tape.
    The adhesive tape to which the yellow toner was attached was placed on a plain paper and the reflection density was measured using a reflection densitometer (trade name: TC-6DS / A, made by Tokyo Denshoku Co., Ltd.) . For comparison, an adhesive tape to which no toner was attached on a plain paper in the same way and the reflection density was measured. Based on the reflection density of the adhesive tape to which no toner was attached, the amount of reflectance to be reduced (%) was calculated. The measurement was performed at three points in a total of one center and at both ends of the developer roller. The arithmetic mean value was defined as the concentration of the adherent toner on the developer roller to be evaluated. <Measurement of the water absorption rate of the elastic layer> The water absorption rate of the elastic layer 3 was measured according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K7209 Method A using an elastic layer cut in a size of 2 mm x 2 mm x 25 mm as a test piece and the mean value of n = 3 was defined as the water absorption rate of an elastic layer. (Examples 2 to 19) A coating material for forming a surface layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the material shown in Table 8 below was used as the raw material for surface layer 4. The coating materials were respectively applied to the elastic rollers shown in Table 8, dried and heated in the same manner as in Example 1 for the production of the developer rolls according to Examples 2 to 19. Table 8 Example Polyether diol or prepolymer Isocyanate Black carbon Urethane roll finished in elastic hydroxyl group N ° N ° Parts by mass N ° Parts by parts by mass 1 A-9 100.0 B-4 6.7 21.2 C-2 2 A-9 100.0 3 -5 7.9 21.5 C-2 3 A-8 100.0 B-2 12.7 22.3 C-2 4 A-8 100.0 3-2 12.7 22.3 0-4 5 A-8 100.0 B-2 12.7 22.3 C-5 6 A-5 100.0 3-3 125.8 43.1 C-2 7 A-6 100.0 3-3 125.8 43.1 0-2 8 A-2 100.0 3-3 125.8 43.1 C-2 9 A-6 100.0 3-5 148.0 47.5 C-2 10 A-1 100, 0 P- 64.9 22.3 C-1
    MDT (*) 11 A-1 100.0 B-1 209.6 57.8 C-1 12 A-4 100.0 B-2 51.6 29.3 C-1
    13 A-7 100.0 5-1 9.4 21.7 C-1 14 A-3 100.0 8-1 69.3 32.5 C-2 15 A-3 100.0 B-1 69, 3 32.5 0-3 16 A-3 100.0 B-1 69.3 32.5 C-4 17 A-3 100.0 B-1 69.3 32.5 C-5 18 A-3 100 , 0 B-1 69.3 32.5 C-6 19 A-3 100.0 B-1 69.3 32.5 0-7 *) p-MDI: polymeric MDI (trade name: Millionate MR-200; made by Nippon Poliuretano Industry Co., Ltd.) (Comparative Example 1) As the material for surface layer 4, the material shown in Table 9 below was placed in the reaction vessel, stirred and mixed.
    Table 9 Poly (tetramethylene glycol) PTMG3000 100.0 (trade name, made by Sanyo Chemical Parts in Industries, Ltd.) modified B-2 polyisocyanate mass 82.5 parts by mass Carbon Black MA230 (trade name, made by 34, 9 parts Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) Bulk
    Next, a coating material to form a surface layer according to Comparative Example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in the method for preparing a coating material for forming a surface layer according to Example 1. The coating material to form a surface layer was applied to the surface of the silicone rubber elastic layer of the Elastic Roll C-1 in the same manner as in Example 1 and dried to form a surface layer.
    In this way, a developer roller according to Comparative Example 1 was produced. (Comparative example 2) Like the material for surface layer 4, the material shown in Table 10 below was placed in the reaction vessel, stirred and mixed.
    Table 10 Poly (tetramethylene glycol) (trade name: PTMG3000, made by 100.0 Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Bulk parts
    Polymeric MDI (Trade name: Millionate MR-200 made by 64.9 parts in Nippon Polyuretane Industry Co., Ltd)
    Carbon black (trade name: MA230, made by Mitsubishi 24.7 parts in Chemical Corporation)
    Next, a coating material to form a surface layer according to Comparative Example 2 was prepared in the same way as in the method for preparing a coating material for forming a surface layer according to Example 1. The coating material to form a surface layer was applied to the surface of the silicone rubber elastic layer of the Elastic Roll C-1 in the same manner as in Example 1 and dried to form a surface layer.
    In this way, a developer roller according to Comparative Example 2 was produced. (Comparative example 3) Like the material for surface layer 4, the material shown in Table 11 below was placed in the reaction vessel, stirred and mixed.
    Table 11 Polybutadiene polyol (trade name: Poly bd R-15HT, made 100.0 parts by Idemitsu Kosan Co.
    Ltd.) modified B-2 polyisocyanate grease 229.7 parts by mass Carbon black (trade name: MA230 made by Mitsubishi 61.5 parts by Chemical Corporation)
    Next, a coating material to form a surface layer according to Comparative Example 3 was prepared in the same way as in the method for preparing a coating material to form a surface layer according to Example 1. The coating material for forming a surface layer was applied to the surface of the silicone rubber elastic layer of the Elastic Roll C-1 in the same manner as in Example 1 and dried to form a surface layer.
    In this way, a developer roll according to Comparative Example 3 was produced.
    Developer rolls according to Examples 2 to 19 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were evaluated in the same way as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 12 and Table 13. Table 12
    Example Peel Hardness Strength of The Number of Concentration Rate of peel surface blades toner adherent layer absorption then (°) when the (amount of (N) water of reflectance to be layered surface film occurs reduced) elastic (blades) (%) (%)
    1 A 2.7 35.1 20000 0.16 0.08 2 A 2.5 35.2 20000 0.66 0.08 3 A 2.3 35.9 18000 0.76 0.08 4 A 2.5 35.3 18000 0.68 0.02 5 A 2.0 35.5 18000 0.71 0.10 6 A 2.1 36.2 17000 0.86 0.08 7 A 2.0 35.9 19000 0 , 84 0.08 8 A 2.1 36.0 18000 0.95 0.08 9 A 2.2 35.8 18000 0.82 0.08 10 B 1.6 38.1 11000 1.54 0.22 11 B 1.5 37.3 12000 1.69 0.22 12 B 1.6 37.8 12000 1.81 0.22 13 A 2.1 35.7 18000 0.74 0.22 14 B 1.8 36.6 12000 1.75 0.08 15 B 1.8 36.5 12000 1.68 0.07 16 B 2.0 36.4 12000 1.88 0.02 17 B 1.6 36.9 12000 1 , 90 0.10 18 B 1.6 36.8 12000 1.94 0.09 19 B 1.6 36.5 12000 1.90 0.10 Table 13 Example Peel Hardness Strength da The number of Concentration de peeling surface toner blades absorption of layer to (°) when the adherent water of (N) formation of (amount of layer surface film occurs reflectance to be elastic (blades) reduced) (%) (%) 1 C 0, 9 38.9 9000 2.24 0.22 2 C 1.2 39.5 7000 2.18 0.22 3 C 1.1 38.9 9000 2.46 0.22 In examples 1 to 19, the peeling of a layer of surface, increased roll surface hardness and toner adhesion are all suppressed even after the developer roller is left under a severe high temperature environment for a long period of time.
    Particularly, in Examples 1 to 9 and 13 in which a polyether diol having the structure represented by formula (1) and the structure represented by formula (2) or (3) is reacted with an aromatic isocyanate for the preparation of a pre- polymer and the prepolymer is subjected to the curing reaction, peeling of a surface layer and toner adhesion are suppressed at an extremely high level.
    On the other hand, in the developer rollers in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in which the urethane resin according to the present invention is not contained in the surface layer, toner adhesion or peeling of a surface layer occurs.
    This application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-292765, filed on December 28, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    1. Developing roller comprising a mandrel, an elastic layer and a surface layer covering a surface of the elastic layer, characterized by the fact that the elastic layer comprises a cured material of an addition of curable type dimethyl silicone rubber, the The surface layer comprises a urethane resin, and the urethane resin has, between two adjacent urethane bonds, a structure represented by the following formula (1) and at least one selected from the group consisting of a structure represented by the following formula (2 ) and a structure represented by the following formula (3): formula (1) formula (2) formula (3).
    [2]
    2. Developing roller according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the water absorption rate of an elastic layer measured according to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K7209 Method A, is not less than 0.02% and not more than 0.10%.
    [3]
    3. Electrophotographic apparatus, characterized by the fact that it comprises the developer roller of the type defined in claim 1 or 2 and an electrophotographic photosensitive member disposed adjacent to the developer roller.
    [4]
    4. Process cartridge, characterized by the fact that it comprises the developer roller of the type defined in claim 1 or 2 and an electrophotographic photosensitive member disposed adjacent to the developer roller and detachably connected to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR112013014842A2|2020-11-03|developer roll, developer cartridge and electrophotographic mechanism
    JP5893776B2|2016-03-23|Developer carrying member, electrophotographic process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus
    EP2869131B1|2016-07-20|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
    JP5600719B2|2014-10-01|Developing member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
    JP6104068B2|2017-03-29|Developing member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
    US9625854B2|2017-04-18|Developer carrying member, electrophotographic process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus
    US8706011B2|2014-04-22|Developing member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
    KR101971768B1|2019-04-23|Member for electrophotography, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
    JP5734084B2|2015-06-10|Developing roller, electrophotographic process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US8600273B2|2013-12-03|
    EP2660657A4|2016-07-06|
    KR101471318B1|2014-12-09|
    US20120195631A1|2012-08-02|
    RU2013135011A|2015-02-10|
    WO2012090418A1|2012-07-05|
    JP2012150453A|2012-08-09|
    RU2540565C1|2015-02-10|
    EP2660657A1|2013-11-06|
    KR20130106426A|2013-09-27|
    EP2660657B1|2017-02-22|
    CN103282838A|2013-09-04|
    CN103282838B|2016-01-20|
    JP5079134B2|2012-11-21|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JPS6350693B2|1980-06-13|1988-10-11|Ricoh Kk|
    JP2990005B2|1993-12-28|1999-12-13|株式会社ブリヂストン|Developing roller and developing device|
    JP3422857B2|1994-04-04|2003-06-30|保土谷化学工業株式会社|Thermoplastic polyurethane resin having a wide rubber region and method for producing the same|
    EP1134619A3|2000-03-16|2003-04-02|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Light-receiving member, image-forming apparatus, and image-forming method|
    US6636715B2|2000-05-22|2003-10-21|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Photosensitive member and image forming apparatus having the same|
    US7208211B2|2000-09-19|2007-04-24|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Electrophotographic belt member, process for producing electrophotographic belt member, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    US6600893B2|2000-09-19|2003-07-29|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Transfer member, process for producing transfer member, and image forming apparatus having transfer member|
    US6737133B2|2000-09-19|2004-05-18|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Electrophotographic seamless belt, and electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic seamless belt|
    EP1293847A1|2001-08-31|2003-03-19|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Process cartridge with an intermediate transfer belt|
    JP4217668B2|2003-10-15|2009-02-04|キヤノン株式会社|Developing roller, cartridge, and image forming apparatus|
    US7201967B2|2003-11-28|2007-04-10|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Electrophotographic endless belt, process for producing electrophotographic endless belt, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    JPWO2006033471A1|2004-09-24|2008-05-15|キヤノン株式会社|Electrophotographic belt, method for producing electrophotographic belt, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    WO2006043569A1|2004-10-21|2006-04-27|Asahi Glass Company, Limited|Polyurethane resin and process for producing polyurethane resin solution|
    JP4612830B2|2004-11-11|2011-01-12|キヤノン株式会社|Developing roller and developing device for electrophotographic apparatus using the same|
    JP4042755B2|2005-03-10|2008-02-06|東海ゴム工業株式会社|Developing roll|
    US7727134B2|2005-11-10|2010-06-01|Canon Kabushiki Tokyo|Developing roller, process for its production, developing assembly and image forming apparatus|
    JP4920953B2|2005-11-10|2012-04-18|キヤノン株式会社|Image forming method|
    JP5043395B2|2005-11-10|2012-10-10|キヤノン株式会社|Developing roller and manufacturing method thereof, developing device and image forming apparatus|
    JP4859186B2|2005-11-10|2012-01-25|オリンパスイメージング株式会社|Zoom lens and image pickup apparatus including the same|
    JP5207682B2|2006-09-29|2013-06-12|キヤノン株式会社|Developing member and electrophotographic image forming apparatus|
    JP5031359B2|2006-12-28|2012-09-19|キヤノン株式会社|Image forming method|
    JP4144899B1|2007-01-22|2008-09-03|キヤノン株式会社|Manufacturing method of regenerative elastic roller|
    EP2244132B1|2008-02-07|2016-12-21|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Developing member for electrophotography, process for producing the developing member, process cartridge for electrophotography, and image forming apparatus for electrophotography|
    JP4328831B1|2008-02-19|2009-09-09|キヤノン株式会社|Developing device, electrophotographic image forming apparatus|
    CN102037414B|2008-05-30|2013-01-02|佳能株式会社|Development roller, method for manufacturing thereof, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming device|
    JP2011002802A|2009-05-18|2011-01-06|Ricoh Co Ltd|Toner, developer, image forming method using the developer and process cartridge|
    EP2624067B1|2010-09-30|2016-12-07|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Process for manufacture of regenerated elastic roller|US8913930B2|2011-06-29|2014-12-16|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Developing roller, electrophotographic process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus|
    KR20140033507A|2011-07-15|2014-03-18|캐논 가부시끼가이샤|Developer carrier, process cartridge for electrophotography, and electrophotographic image-forming device|
    JP5693441B2|2011-12-26|2015-04-01|キヤノン株式会社|Electrophotographic conductive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    JP5723354B2|2011-12-28|2015-05-27|キヤノン株式会社|Developing member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus for electrophotography|
    JP6023604B2|2012-02-17|2016-11-09|キヤノン株式会社|Developing member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    JP6104068B2|2012-06-27|2017-03-29|キヤノン株式会社|Developing member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    JP5600719B2|2012-06-27|2014-10-01|キヤノン株式会社|Developing member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    JP6179512B2|2012-07-04|2017-08-16|日本電気株式会社|Charging system control device, charging system, program, and control method|
    JP6113014B2|2012-07-31|2017-04-12|キヤノン株式会社|Electrophotographic member, method for producing electrophotographic member, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    JP2014040850A|2012-08-21|2014-03-06|Osaka Gas Co Ltd|Outermost surface composition of roller and/or metal mold|
    US20150064399A1|2013-08-27|2015-03-05|Lexmark International, Inc.|Elastomeric Roll for an Electrophotographic Image Forming Device having a Coating that includes Compressible Hollow Microparticles|
    JP6587418B2|2014-05-15|2019-10-09|キヤノン株式会社|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    US9811009B2|2014-05-16|2017-11-07|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus|
    US9482986B2|2015-02-27|2016-11-01|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Member for electrophotography, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus|
    US10197930B2|2015-08-31|2019-02-05|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    US10082741B2|2015-10-06|2018-09-25|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Member for electrophotography, developing apparatus, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    EP3176639B1|2015-12-04|2020-10-28|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Member for electrophotography, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    JP6806579B2|2016-02-05|2021-01-06|キヤノン株式会社|Electrophotographic components, their manufacturing methods, process cartridges and electrophotographic equipment|
    CN108603973B|2016-02-08|2021-12-28|住友化学株式会社|Method for manufacturing laminated optical film|
    JP6815889B2|2016-02-26|2021-01-20|キヤノン株式会社|Develop rollers, process cartridges and electrophotographic image forming equipment|
    JP6878084B2|2016-04-12|2021-05-26|キヤノン株式会社|Develop member, electrophotographic process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus|
    US9952531B2|2016-04-28|2018-04-24|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Developing member having alumina particles exposed within protrusions|
    US10331054B2|2016-05-11|2019-06-25|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus|
    JP6862276B2|2016-07-08|2021-04-21|キヤノン株式会社|Electrophotographic components, process cartridges and electrophotographic equipment|
    JP6891065B2|2016-07-29|2021-06-18|キヤノン株式会社|Developer, electrophotographic process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus|
    JP2018022074A|2016-08-04|2018-02-08|キヤノン株式会社|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge and electrophotographic device|
    CN110651230A|2017-06-28|2020-01-03|惠普印迪戈股份公司|Liquid electrostatic ink developer assembly|
    US10310447B2|2017-07-12|2019-06-04|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus|
    JP2019061236A|2017-09-27|2019-04-18|キヤノン株式会社|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    JP2019148664A|2018-02-26|2019-09-05|キヤノン株式会社|Development member, electronic photographic process cartridge and electronic photographic image formation apparatus|
    US10884352B2|2018-03-30|2021-01-05|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus|
    CN111989622A|2018-04-18|2020-11-24|佳能株式会社|Developing member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    US10935903B2|2018-04-19|2021-03-02|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Developing roller, process cartridge and image forming apparatus|
    US10969709B2|2018-04-20|2021-04-06|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Member for electrophotography, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus|
    US10539891B1|2018-06-28|2020-01-21|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus|
    US11169464B2|2018-07-30|2021-11-09|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image-forming apparatus|
    JP2020024404A|2018-07-31|2020-02-13|キヤノン株式会社|Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus|
    JP2020020958A|2018-07-31|2020-02-06|キヤノン株式会社|Electrophotographic member, electrophotographic process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming device|
    JP2020034794A|2018-08-31|2020-03-05|キヤノン株式会社|Development roller, electrophotographic process cartridge, and image forming device for electrophotography|
    US10732538B2|2018-11-26|2020-08-04|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Developing member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus|
    US10942471B2|2019-03-29|2021-03-09|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Electrophotographic member having a surface layer with a cross-linked urethane resin-containing matrix, process cartridge, and apparatus|
    法律状态:
    2020-11-10| B15G| Petition not considered as such [chapter 15.7 patent gazette]|Free format text: PETICAO NO 860140154328 DE 11/09/2014 NAO CONHECIDA POR FALTA DE PAGAMENTO DA RETRIBUICAO NO PRAZO LEGAL, CONFORME ART. 219, III DA LPI, TENDO EM VISTA QUE O PAGAMENTO OCORREU APOS O PROTOCOLO DA PETICAO. |
    2020-11-17| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-03-02| B11B| Dismissal acc. art. 36, par 1 of ipl - no reply within 90 days to fullfil the necessary requirements|
    2021-12-07| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP2010-292765|2010-12-28|
    JP2010292765|2010-12-28|
    PCT/JP2011/007035|WO2012090418A1|2010-12-28|2011-12-16|Developing roller, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus|
    [返回顶部]